英语单词的音节及读音规则

1. 音节概念

英语单词中元音非常响亮，一个发音的元音可以形成一个音节，所以英语单词的音节是由发音的元音决定的。只有一个元音发音的词叫单音节词，有两个元音发音的词叫双音节词，有三个以上元音发音的词叫多音节词。

示例：

双音节词：去，他，站，想，请，拿，一些，什么，高兴，烟，孩子，教

双音节词：老师，哥哥，星期天，邻居，黑暗，早餐，评论，开放

多音节词：锻炼，节日，分离，庆祝，研究所，机会

现代化

注：一个单词音节数的多少并不是按组成单词字母的多少来划分的。

2. 单词重音

英语中有两个以上音节的单词，有一两个音节特别响，我们称之为重读音节，在国际音标上

标有类似“’”的重音符号。一般来说，一个单词只有一个重音。

例如：周日['sndi]开始[bi 'in]

3. 开音节

开音节有两种：

一种双音词，即以发音元音直接结尾的词。

例如：go[http://www . Sina.com/]，he [hi :]，no [n]，we [wi :]，who [Hu :]

另一种叫相对开音节，即在发音的元音字母后面有一个辅音字母(R除外)，加上一个清音字母e。

例：make [meik], note [nt], these [i:z], like [laik], use [ju:z]

4. 闭音节

发音的元音字母后面有一个或几个辅音字母（r除外）时，这个元音字母构成的音节叫闭音节。如果单词重音在这个音节上，该闭音节就叫做重读闭音节。

例：bad [bd], thank [θk], desk [desk], sit

, stick [stik], fog [fɡ], shop [p]; sun , must [mst]

5. 元音字母在开音节中的一般发音

A a [ei], Ee [i:], Ii [ai], Oo [], Uu [ju:]

例：take [teik], late [leit], he [hi:], theme [θi:m], time [taim], nice [nais], no [n]; joke [jk], tune [tju:n], cute [kju:t];

6. 元音字母在重读闭音节中的一般发音

A a [], Ee [e], Ii [i], Oo [], Uu []

例：lamp [lmp], plan [pln], well [wel], best [best], mill [mil], wish [wi], hot [ht]; drop [drp], club [clb], but [bt]

7. 各元音在开音节和闭音节的读音规则

1）A a

开音节中多读 [ei] 字母本身的音。 词例：name, plane, cake, take;

但have中却发 []

重读闭音节中多读 []。 词例：bad, lamp, tank, cat, map

a 的前面是辅音[w]时读作[]。 词例：want, wash, what, quality

a 的后面是 ss, st, sp, sk, th, f, n 时常读作[a:]。 词例：class, fast, grasp, ask, bath, staff, dance, command

2) E e

开音节中多读 [i:] 字母本身的音 词例：he, she, be, these

重读闭音节中多读 [e]。词例：pen, yes, well, desk, best

3) I i (y)

开音节中多读 [ai] 字母本身的音 词例：like, time, bike, why,

但give和 live中却发 [i]

重读闭音节中多读 [i]。词例：stick, ship, big, mill

词尾是-nd和 -ld时，i 可读作[ai] 词例：kind, find, child

4) O o

开音节中多读 [] 字母本身的音 词例：no, home, joke, smoke, joke

但to, do, who, move, shoe中却发 [u:]

重读闭音节中多读 []。词例：hot, fog, shop, long, drop

词尾是-st和 -ld时，o 可读作[] 词例：most, post, bold, cold, 例外both, comb

o的后面是 m, n, v, th 时，可读作[] 词例：son, some, come, one, done, love, glove, mother, brother

5）U u

开音节中多读 [] 字母本身的音 词例：use, tune, cute, mule

u 在辅音字母l, r, j后面时读作[u:] 词例：blue, rule, true, June

重读闭音节中多读 [] 或[u]。词例：sun, but, club, must, full, put

但truth, busy中却发 [u:]

8. -r 音节-re音节的读音规则

ar 常读作[a:] 词例：car, park, large, star; 但war, warm, ward却读[:]

er常读作[з:] 词例：verb, term, serve, stern;

ir常读作[з:] 词例：girl, first, shirt, bird

or常读作[:] 词例：horse, short, north, sport; 但word, work, world却读[з:]

ur常读作[з:] 词例：burn, nurse, hurt, fur

are常读作[e] 词例：care, dare, stare, rare

ere常读作[i]或[e] 词例：mere, here, there, were; 但were 却读[з:]

ore常读作[:] 词例：more, wore, sore, store

ire常读作[ai] 词例：fire, tire, hire, mire

ure常读作[ju]或[u] 词例：pure, cure, manure, sure

9. 元音字母组合的读音规则

1）a+其它字母

al 常读作[:] 词例：ball, walk, talk, walk, also,

其后有f 或m 时可读[a:] 例：half, calm, palm

au 和augh 常读作[:] 词例：cause, fault, launch; taught, daughter

例外：laugh [a:]

aw常读作[:] 词例：law, saw, claw, awful

ai 和ay常读作[ei] 词例：wait, main; day, play

air 和are常读作[e] 词例：hair, pair, chair; fare, care, dare, stare, share

2）e+其它字母

ea常读作[i:] 或[e] 词例：meat, please, peace, clean; head, dead, lead, bread

例外：great, break读作 [ei]

ee常读作[i:] 词例：meet, three, steel, green, tree, street,need

ei和 ie常读作[i:] 词例：field, piece, ceiling, receive

有时ei 和ey一样。读作[ei] 词例：eight, neighbor; prey, grey

例外：friend, 读作[e] height读作[ai], review读作 [ju:]

ew常读作[ju:] 词例：new, few, dew.

ew在辅音字母l, r, j后面读作[u:] 词例：blew, crew, Jew

ear常读作[i] 词例：hear, dear, tear;

有时读[e] 词例：bear, wear, pear

后面有辅音字母时读作[з:] 词例：learn, pearl, early, earth

例外：heart, 读作[a:] year读作[j]

eer常读作[i] 词例：deer, cheer, beer, pioneer, engineer

3）o+其它字母

oa常读作[] 词例：coat, boat, soap, float

oi和oy常读作[i] 词例：oil, voice, point; boy, joy

oul 常读作[] 词例：could, would, should

oo 常读作[u:] 词例：food, tooth, spoon, school, moon

例外：foot, good, stood, 读作[] ; blood, flood读作[]

oo 后面是k时读作[] 词例：book, look, cook, brook

oor和 oar 常读作[:] 词例：door, floor; board, coarse

例外：poor, 读作[u]

ou 常读作[au]或 [] 词例：loud, house, mouth; young, touch, country, trouble

例外：group, 读作[u:], youth 读作[ju:], soul, 读作[]

ough 常读作[:] 词例：bouught, fought, thought

例外：though, 读作[], through 读作[u:]

our 常读作[:] 或 [au] 词例：four, course, pour; our, hour, sour, flour

ow 常读作[au] 或 [] 词例：now, how, town, down; slow, show, grow, snow

owe 或ower 常读作[au] 词例：towel, vowel; power, flower

4）i+其它字母

ig或igh常读作[ai] 词例：sign, design; sigh, light, night, bright, eight

ia, ie或io常读作[ai] 词例：dialogue, reliable; quiet, science; violet, violence

5）u+其它字母

ui 常读作[ju:] 词例：suit, nuisance

ui的前面有辅音字母l, r, j 时，读作[u:] 词例：sluice, fruit, juice

例外：build读作[i]

注：以上都是元音字母、-r音节和元音字母组合在重读音节中的读音规则。在非重读音节中基本上所有都弱化成短元音[]。

10.辅音字母在单词中的读音规则

1）B e 常读作[b] 或位于词尾不发音。词例：bed, book, bright; comb, lamb, tomb, climb

2）C c 常读作[k],

词例：cold, clean cat; nice, city, decide

有时读作[] 词例：social, musician, precious

3）D d 常读作[d] 词例：day, desk, add,

动词加-ed 时 -ed 的读法

-ed前是清辅音时（[t]除外）,读作 [t]

词例：walked [-kt], jumped [-pt], missed [-st], washed [-t]

-ed前是浊辅音时（[d]除外）,读作 [d]

词例：played [-eid], robbed [-bd], closed [-zd], begged [-ɡd]

-ed前是 [t] 和 [d] 时, 读作 [id]

词例：wanted [-tid], needed [-did]

4) F f常读作 [f] 词例：five, wife, four, leaf

有时读作[] 词例：social, musician, precious

个别情况读作[v] 词例：of [v] 或 [v]

5) G g常读作[ɡ] 词例：girl, game, give, big, ago

有时读作[d] 尤其是在元音字母 e前时此时词尾的ge 读作[d]，词例：large, page, college, village

6) H h常读作[h] 词例：hot, house, head, hand

h 有时不发音。词例：hour, honor, exhibit, rhyme

7) J j常读作[d] 词例：jam, joke, June, judge

8) K k常读作[k] 词例：cake, week, kite, sky

9) L l常读作[l] 词例：land, milk, belt, school

l 有时不发音。词例：walk [wk], calm [ka:m]

10) M m常读作[m] 词例：name, meet, mother, come

11) Nn常读作[n] 词例：line, nine, nice

n 在辅音音素[k] 和[ɡ] 之前读作[]。词例：bank, think, uncle, finger, language

12) P p常读作

词例：pen, sleep, spring, picture

13)Q q该字母一般很少单独出现，它常和元音字母 u组成qu字母组合。常读作[kw] 词例：question, quite, queen

14)Rr常读作[r] 词例：road, right, read 其次是构成r音节或re 音节。

15) Ss在词首时常读作

词例：sit, soap, sky

s 在两个元音字母间常读作[z] 词例：music, season, prison

s 在两个元音字母和不发音的e之间有两种读法

动词常读作[z] 词例：close, lose, raise

名词或形容词词常读作

词例：base, case, close, coarse

s 前或后是清辅音时常读作

词例：lamps, looks, waits; list, desk, husband

s 在辅音字母t之后常读作[ts] 词例：students, streets

s 在辅音字母d之后常读作[ds] 词例：beds, comrades, prides

注s 的读音规则较复杂，还得在具体的学习中去把握。

16) T t常读作[t] 词例：tell, meet, ten, letter

17) V v常读作[v] 词例：voice, love, vote, leave

18) W w常读作[w] 词例：wait, sweet, wall, twin. 有时不发音。词例：sword, answer

19) X x常读作[ks] 词例：box, exercise, text, excellent

x后面是元音,而且又是重读音节时，常读作[ɡz] 词例：exam, exist, exact

20) Y y出现在单词开头时常读作[j] 词例：yes, year, yellow

但出现在词尾时可能发[ai] 或[i]的音，词例：satisfy, beautify, country。与元音字母构成组合时可能发元音 [ei] 词例：day, play

21) Z z常读作[z] 词例：zoo, maze, doze, zone

11. 辅音字母组合的读音

1）ch, tch 读作[t]词例：child, chart, teach, match, catch, watch

ch 有时读作 [k] 词例：school, chemistry, character, stomach

2）ck 常读作[k]词例：neck, black, stick, pocket

3）cc 常读作[k]词例：accept, accident, success; according, accuse

4）ce 常读作

词例：nice, accept, rice, piece

5）dge 常读作[d]词例：bridge, judge, lodge

6）gu, gue 常读作[ɡ]词例：guide, league, guess, dialogue

7）ng, 常读作[]词例：sing, strong, spring, long

8）gh, ph 常读作[f]词例：rough, phrase, cough, enough

但在igh, ough, augh 中gh 不发音，只发元音或元音组合的音。请参见前面 （9. 元音字母组合的读音规则）

9）qu, ph 常读作[kw]词例：quick, quality, quite, question

10）sh 常读作[]词例：she, fish, shirt, wash

11）ss 常读作[s]词例：miss, lesson, class, assist

12）th 有两种发音。

其一读作[θ] 词例：think, three, bath, method

其二读作[] 词例：this, with, weather , feather, mother

13）wh 常读作[w]词例：what, white, whip, where

14）kn 常读作[n]词例：knife, knee,

15）kn 常读作[n]词例：knife, knee,

16）tion, 有两种发音。

其一读作[n] 词例：mention, conversation, modernization

其二读作[tn] 词例：question, suggestion

17）sion, 有两种发音。

其一读作[n] 词例：mission, impression

其二读作[n] 词例：decision, television

注：以上提供的仅仅是英语单词读音规则的一般规律，尽管英语单词的读音规则有规律可寻，但不是一劳永逸的事，同学们在掌握和熟悉一般规律的前提下还必须多读单词，并注意读准确。特殊读音得采取特殊记忆的方法。